Proposed Personality Groups: Compliant, Aggressive & Detached Essay

Compliant Individuals: According to Karen Horney compliant individuals are those who move towards others. Social belongingness is very high between compliant individual. They usually desire to be loved, wanted and appreciated. Compliant type has dominant needs associated with ‘moving towards people’. They work to please others. Compliant personality trait likes to comply with the rules and regulations. This means that they are usually very systematic, precise, hyper efficient and technical. These people love facts and detail, the more the better. Ex: iPhone 5s iPhone 5S is a smartphone developed by Apple Inc. It is part of the iPhone line, and was released on 2013. This smartphone tries to communicate message with their valuable consumer that their product and its features (apps, user interface, multi-touch gestures etc.) are more specific, attractive, and superior then the competitors. Because of its unique features and better quality it is the most hunted smartphone for the individual who wants to stay in touch of technology. iPhone 5s providing variety of facilities to its consumer such as Apple App Store, Apple Maps, iTune Store and so on which specified them from other smartphone. By using this phone a man become more noticeable to others. This product fulfills an individual’s desire to be wanted and appreciated. Aggressive Individuals: Aggressive individuals are those who move against other. Aggressive has dominant needs associated with ‘moving against people’. They seek to be the best. These types of individuals want to prove that they are ‘Better than Others’. Individuals of this personality traits desire to excel and win admiration. The interests of the Aggressive personality types include being the boss, wielding power, competing with confidence, never backing away from a fight, being active and adventurous, being physically assertive and competitive in sports. Ex: TVS Apache RTR This is the advertisement of TVS Apache RTR 150 motorcycle which was released on 2012. TVS Motor Company Limited which is part of TVS Group manufactures motorcycles, scooters, and auto rickshaws in India. TVS Motor Company  Limited used aggressive approach in this ad to convince their consumer. This advertisement is usually made for the biker who loves speed. They add the taglines ‘NOT FOR WEAK-HEARTS’ & ‘SCARILY FAST’ to attract the biker who loves speed. TVS also highlight here that they use Racing Throttle Response (RTR) technologies and this bike does 0–60 km speed acceleration within 5 seconds. By introducing those concept TVS auto wants to communicate with their target market that they are manufacturing the best 150 cc bike in India. Detached Individual: Detached individuals are those who move away from others. Detached has dominant needs associated with ‘moving away from people’. Such an individual seeks independence, self-sufficiency, self-reliance, and individualism of freedom form obligations. They usually try to promote their self-independence. Ex: Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk Some of the ads like the Dance Troupe ad for Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk clearly target detached consumers. In the ad a member of a dance group is shown busy eating a Silk just before her stage performance. She has spoiled her face and is already late for entry on stage but she is lost in her own world. Cadbury’s ‘Khane-Walo-Ko-Khane-Ka-Bahana-Chahiye’ tagline stands out once again as it is aimed at the compliant individuals who are hesitant to break away from the societal rules. The message conveyed in the ad helps them come to terms with the idea of eating chocolate anytime anywhere based on their urges without caring for what others think. The protagonists break rules and societal boundaries to get what they desire, the desire being the Chocolate bar here. This ad is promoting self-independency, self-sufficiency and the freedom of detached individuals.

Lin Zexu

The letter prepared by Lin Zexu is written in a kind, compassionate tone. The high-profile government administrator writes to the British queen in an attempt to persuade her to help the Chinese prevent opium traffic in their land. Although his pleadings were eloquent and far-reaching, he was not successful in his attempt since the British undertook no action. Although the letter never made it to the Queen, it was published in a British newspaper (Travis, Hanes, 2002, p.41). The responsibility Lin Zexu places on the British was serious in many ways. He blames upon the British their disrespectful treatment of the nation that has for centuries maintained good relations with them and enabled them to realize large profits from their trade. The official points out that this trade was so beneficial for the British that they did not hesitate to sail to China from another end of the world. He also stresses that British merchants can be both scrupulous and unscrupulous: â€Å"among the unscrupulous are those who bring opium to China to harm the Chinese; they succeed so well that this poison has spread far and wide in all the provinces† (Zexu, 1839). Lin Zexu especially stresses that the Chinese government was nothing but nice toward foreign traders. They (at least in the opinion of the official) were granted every right so that they could feel comfortable in the area. However, many of the merchants chose to act in a dishonest way, causing a situation that necessitated the writing of the letter. Lin also emphasizes the favorable treatment of people from England, noting that â€Å"the Celestial Empire, following its traditional policy of treating foreigners with kindness, has been doubly considerate towards the people from England† (Zexu, 1839).   He is quick to connect this trade with the current prosperity of the English, omitting perhaps by mistake the fact that Britain traded with a number of countries, and a broad base of partners also contributed to its current prosperity. The official also points out that the stuff brought from China was composed mainly of â€Å"useful items† whereas opium is hardly so (Zexu, 1839).   Lin describes a variety of problems that China experiences because of the opium imported on British ships. He talks about the poison that is killing people. He also talks not only about the ugly nature of the opium, but also about the inability of the government to control the country. He blames the British for disobedience of the Chinese laws, stating that they are responsible for the damage inflicted upon people who fall victim to the penalties envisaged in the local criminal law. Thus, he says, â€Å"since a Chinese could not peddle or smoke opium if foreigners had not brought it to China, it is clear that the true culprits of a Chinese`s death as a result of an opium conviction are the opium traders from foreign countries† (Zexu, 1839). This statement seems a little disputable, but it was not without reason: indeed, the nation has already set its laws, and whoever pushes a Chinese person to disregard those was clearly making a disservice to this person, putting him and his family in danger of capital punishment. The way Lin Zexu blames the British reveals a weakness in the position of the Chinese authorities. Clearly, the government was not able to control the spread of drugs through its own efforts, otherwise it would not need to do things like ask foreign governments for assistance in solving their internal problems. In the modern world, governments tend to cooperate to combat crime rings and smuggling; however, in the Victorian world, such hope was rather elusive. In addition, almost no government could dictate to another whether it needs to eliminate opium plantations or undertake any other measures for managing internal affairs. The way Lin Zexu puts it, which seems rather rude and lacking in diplomacy, is a true revelation of the extent to which China needs to get this problem solved. Talking to the British queen in his letter, he says that â€Å"it is hereby suggested that you destroy and plow under all of these opium plants and grow food crops instead, while issuing an order to punish severely anyone who dares to plant opium poppies again† (Zexu, 1839).   He ends this paragraph with the pending question â€Å"why do you not do it?† (Zexu, 1839). This once again demonstrates reliance on the British to get the problem solved. The main reason why Queen Victoria ignored the request could have something to with the internal situation in Britain. The nation lived for the most part off overseas trade and wanted to preserve its source of income. If British ships were implicated in opium trade in China, this probably did not bother the queen that much. In those times, monarchs were far less interested in preserving the good name of their countries. After all, the British Crown could be accused of taking part in the trade or sponsoring it. In this light, it made sense to sort issues out by not responding to the message. This is why Lin Zexu was not successful even though his message is quite appealing in style. Closing the discussion, it is worthwhile noting that the problems with opium trade in China closely resemble many of the issues that exist in the modern world. Many people suffer from adverse actions on the part of foreign and their own governments that either overlook or fail to suppress harmful practices such as drug trade. Actually, drug trafficking persists on even a larger scale today. To this date, many governments fail to find an adequate framework for cooperation, losing their chance to overcome the problem. As in the times of Lin Zexu and Queen Victoria, there are many hidden motives involved so that officials are often interested in preserving the business that helps them make money. Therefore, this letter can serve as a useful source to consult for those willing to learn from the past mistakes. References Hanes III, W. T. and Sanello, F. (2002). The Opium Wars. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks. Zexu, L. (1839). Letter to Queen Victoria.            

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay Ethics, or more accurately, the lack of ethics, on the part of business and government leaders has lately received significant attention in the mass media and has been a topic of discussion among the public, as well as the different organizations in the world (Peppas 2002). Business ethics has gained the attention of many scholars and executives in both private and public sectors because of many unethical practices that are being reported. This includes the cases of large multinational organizations including Enron (Rashid & Ibrahim 2007). This is the reason why many studies about cultural differences and business ethics have been implemented in the past years. This literature review is conducted in order to analyze and evaluate the arguments regarding the different aspects that are related with business ethics and differences in cultures. Implications of Business Ethics The concept about ethics is considered as a complex matter because it is predicated on an interchange of views re garding the belief systems of individual among the citizens of any culture (Svensson & Wood 2003). The study of business ethics and its connection for the stakeholders of organizations have experienced fast growth in the past few decades. The literature about business ethics is divided on its views regarding the motivation and the cause for organizations to have their ethical dimension. The study of Harrison (2001) showed that there are two main schools of thoughts – first are those who suggest that firms are operating in order to generate profit, therefore, business ethics is considered as another means of attracting the customers, while the second are those who supported some corporate conscience as well as inherent motivation for the implementation of business ethics. On the other hand, Paul (2001) considered business ethics are very subjective in nature because it is a function of time and culture – therefore, the business ethics have changed, together with the cul tural values and norms motivated the business ethics in the national and regional boundaries. The study of Hofstede (1983) is considered as one of the most important studies which show the differences of countries or nations in terms of cultures and values. The study showed that there are 4 vital indicators which include individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity which shows great differences in the culture among different nations. The study of Vinten (1991) divided the issues of business ethics in different degree, which include international business, domestic business and professional ethics. Each level constitute for different level of some unethical activities perform by organizations and businesses. Even though, there are many studies which show importance of ethics, and even though it is being followed by different organizations, there are still many reasons and disapproval of adoption of ethics in the world of business. This is connected to the stud y of Stemberg (1994) which focuses on the case of rejected relativism. It stated that ethics is seen as excessively theoretical, at the same time, contradict the primary reason of any business and it is also lacking of direction in terms of harmony across the different cultures. Â   Business Ethics and Cultural Differences

The Problem Of Sweatshops - A Necessary Evil Research Paper

The Problem Of Sweatshops - A Necessary Evil - Research Paper Example The truth is, that the world’s economy encourages the development of industries in regions where a desirable commodity is plentiful. In some countries, there is a valuable natural resource like oil or minerals, and in others, there is good land for agriculture. The one thing that many poor countries have in abundance is labor. Countries like India and China which have huge populations are therefore attractive places for inward investment by companies who want to keep their wage costs low. Some kinds of manufacturing, like the clothing and toy industry, requires a great many workers to finish the goods with hand work like sewing and painting. In China, there is also much less regulation in terms of building regulations, and sourcing of raw materials. This is because China has the policy to expand its industrial base and modernize its economy to compete in the world. It is only natural that such a country will exploit its main advantage of cheap and plentiful labor in this early expansion phase. Labor regulation is expensive, and Chinese factories want to continue being the most cost-effective places to produce mass products for the global market. They are only following the same path that more developed nations already had to follow many decades before. Generally, people have been deceived by the idea that sweatshops were made as a way to exploit labor. However, they often forget that sweatshops have actually provided job opportunities, capital investment, and economic growth for developing countries. ... untries like India and China which have huge populations are therefore attractive places for inward investment by companies who want to keep their wage costs low. Some kinds of manufacturing, like the clothing and toy industry, requires a great many workers to finish the goods with hand work like sewing and painting. In China there is also much less regulation in terms of building regulations, and sourcing of raw materials. This is because China has a policy to expand its industrial base and modernize its economy to compete in the world. It is only natural that such a country will exploit its main advantage of cheap and plentiful labor in this early expansion phase. Labor regulation is expensive, and Chinese factories want to continue being the most cost-effective places to produce mass products for the global market. They are only following the same path that more developed nations already had to follow many decades before. The Role of Sweatshops in a Developing Economy Generally, p eople have been deceived by the idea that sweatshops were made as a way to exploit labor. However, they often forget that sweatshops have actually provided job opportunities, capital investment, and economic growth for developing countries. Stereotypically, we believe by the definition that sweatshop factories usually pay low wages, have poor working conditions, and require long deadly hours. On the contrary, although this is partially true, what’s more important is that sweatshops still provide job opportunities and pay minimum wages according to the country’s law. Oftentimes, American corporations are put to blame for exploiting this field, but our focus should be upon enforcing international labor regulation. For example, Apple, Nike, Gap, Wal-Mart, and GE are famously known for

Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist Assignment

Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist - Assignment Example The paper "Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist" analyzes the artworks of Mary Cassatt. The image in Figure 1 is Cassatt’s painting of her Miss Mary Ellison and in the image she demonstrates the use of color to bring out the calm mood of a strong woman. According to the National Art Gallery, Degas also introduced Cassatt in the asymmetrical styles employed by Japanese artists and the use of bright colors. The use of bright colors according to Web Museum demonstrated a mood of gentleness that served to brighten by her constant use of the â€Å"golden lighting.† These aspects worked in harmony with the family and children which was the dominant theme in most of her works as demonstrated in figure 2. Cassatt was always a quick learner who learnt the basics about a particular style in art and instead of reproducing the same pieces; she would always ensure that she employed her innovativeness to come up with impressive masterpieces. The best example is her portrayal of t he techniques she learnt from Japanese art for instance asymmetry and wood block print. She was able to mould these techniques in such a way that they fit so perfectly within her own impressionsim themes. I look at one of the works of Cassatt, â€Å"The Little Girl in Blue Armchair† in order to relate it with its historical context, to establish the impact it had during the historical context, and the importance of the piece in contemporary art. The painting of the Little Girl in Blue Armchair was done in 1878 and it painted in an oil canvas.

Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Global Warming - Research Paper Example The government needs to take a number of drastic steps in the coming years in order to reduce our dependence on hydrocarbons, plus change the culture of America to make it generally more green. Only then will we turn back the clock on our environmental problems. The world’s climate is changing and the consequences are far reaching. When examining this important issue we must be sure to have our facts straight. Even before looking at the consequences and possible solutions, it is necessary to determine what is causing this phenomenon. Some people say climate change is part of a natural process which happens every few centuries and which caused the ice age and other periods in Earth’s history in which the temperature was different. This might be true. But many scientists believe that human beings cause global warming (Coren). They say it is caused by the huge amount of cars we drive on our roads and by our coal plants and our thousands of factories. These people say we have simply not been good stewards of the Earth and are now responsible for the fact that the surface of the planet seems to be warming because of trapped gases. Our fossil fuel use is the main reason those gases are present. Every time we drive a car to school or work, use electricity, or heat our houses, we are releasing carbon dioxide into the air and making our planet hotter. Another important source of greenhouse gases is caused by deforestation, mainly in the Amazon. There is a lot of money to be made in cutting down trees and planting land for animals to use so the animals can be made into hamburgers at the end of the day. Cattle itself is said by some people to be in part responsible for increasing the amount of methane in the atmosphere (Flannery, 201). So much of what we do to stay alive and to make money appears to be hurting our planet, according to scientists who are increasingly vocal about this important

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example The managers can make this data become useful for them if they share it in a wise manner with the publics that are present within an organization. This will assure that the data remains supreme and of utmost quality at the end of the day (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin & Perkins, 2009). Such data will manifest growth, productivity and development across the board as far as an organizational understanding is concerned. However, what is most significant here is a comprehension that the data is made use of in a very smart fashion so that there are no delays and hangovers for the sake of the organization in the long run. Hence, the managers shall always reap the rich dividends behind the data that exists within an organization as it is for their own benefit in the long run. The managers need to make wise decisions with respect to the same. References Brown, C.V., DeHayes, D.W, Hoffer, J.A., Martin, W.E., Perkins, W.C., 2009. Managing Information Technology , 6th ed. Prentice Hall

Business Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Research Methods - Essay Example The personal interview will allow the investigator to connect with each individual which will facilitate the process and create a connection that should translate in honest and truthful answers for the investigation. It would hard to collect the information the investigator seeks utilizing other methods that utilized standardize questions. B. The best primary research method to perform poll on large group of students concerning their preference among preferential candidates is to submit the group to self-administered questionnaires. This is the best option because we are dealing with a large population which creates the necessity for a method that is effective and easy to administer (Mann, 1995). Since the scope of the information needed is simplistic a questionnaire can be utilized effectively in this research application. The questionnaire is also the best alternative because is the most cost effective solution for this particular problem. The students would fill out the questionnaire themselves without the assistance of the investigator in the process. Once all the questionnaires are collected the investigator can perform other qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate the data collected. C. In this example there is need to survey 58 wholesale grocery companies about their personal management policies. One of the constraints of the situation is that each of the companies is scattered in different locations in the eastern part of the United States. The best research method for this particular situation is to perform telephone interviews. A phone survey is a systematic collection of data from a sample population using a standardize questionnaire (Responsivemanagement, 2009). All the participants can be easily reached by the utilizing the telephone as the main communication device. The phone survey is effective for this particular situation because it speeds up the process in comparison with visiting

Week 7 discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 discussion questions - Essay Example , our inquisitive car owner can safely assume that he/she can (at least for a very brief period of time) pack approximately 20 students into his/her Volkswagen. The number is slightly lower than the equation yields because of the fact that unusable space such as headroom and foot space will be unusable. 2. Most useful and interesting to me of the different activities we performed were the probability games. I found these interesting because seemingly simple probability problems had unexpected and unique twists that left the problem solver at times baffled as to how something so simple could be so complex. Specifically, wrapping my head around the Monty Hall problem was a bit of a stretch. Mathematics and probability are not at all times fascinating or captivating; however, when what seems like common sense and logic proves wrong it helped to make a memorable and lasting impression on me. Additionally working with the tessellation patterns in MS Paint also helped to break down the notion of volume and size to the content of their respective

The Strategic Management of Human Resource Assignment

The Strategic Management of Human Resource - Assignment Example As a variety of mounting competitive forces mount, organizations are recognizing that to thrive, they require leaders and managers who can keep the organization intact and maintain employee morale throughout phases of change. Furthermore, they need personnel at every level who are eager and lithe enough to adopt change rapidly, adapt, and cultivate their skills. Accordingly, the demand to provide effective and quick employee grow this at the fore. Learning as well as development undertakings can influence organizational performance. To achieve this, organizations have to shift from training to learning. High-performance functioning involves employing a range of human resource practices and strategies to involve and inspire employees to amplify their input and increase levels of output and performance throughout the company as a whole. Though a variety of human resource policies and practices are considered equally to high-performance working practices, most analysts would agree that litheness and constant learning stand at the core of the functioning efficiency of the good-performance work approach (Armstrong 2000). Given the rapid speed of change, workers must be stimulated and reinforced to constantly update their abilities and expand knowledge. Therefore, learning is fathomed as the procedure through which a person creates new skills, knowledge and capabilities, while training is among some of the responses a company can assume to stimulate learning. Learning is, therefore, an individual course – nobody but the apprentice can learn. However, it is conceivable to set up interventions, which encourage persons to learn as well as develop. During the move from training to  learning, many learning, as well as development interventions and undertakings, progressively focus on backing the learner. Individual accountability for learning (coupled with help from the company in backing up learners) is one way of promoting effective learning to bring about individual support and organizational change. Significant efforts must be made to encourage and support effective personal learning in the ev ent of a developmental activity in an organization (Armstrong 2000).

Coca-cola Image Maker Essay Example for Free

Coca-cola Image Maker Essay Coca-cola is the worlds most famous beverage and most likely the most recognized brand name. It can be purchased in more than 200 countries in wide range of restaurants, vending machines and stores. The manufacturer, Coca-cola Company has been the dominant head in advertising and marketing for more than hundred years with a whopping global sales of $20 billion in the year 2001. This carbonated drink is simply referred as coke.   Originally intended as a ‘patent medicine’ when it was invented in the late 19th century by pharmacist John S. Pemberton as a ‘coca wine’, Coca-Cola has dominated the worldwide soft drink market for decades now. The Coca-Cola logo, like the product itself, is rated among the most recognized logos and brands in the world. The first Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pembertons partner and bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885. Thinking that the two Cs would look well in advertising, it was Robinson who came up with the name and chose the logo’s distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. The red and white colored scheme in the Coca-Cola logo was kept simple and distinctive to lure young minds. Even the Coca-Cola bottle symbolized the ‘youthful exuberance of America’. Since then, various designs of the Coca-Cola bottle had been released over the decades. But the ever popular version is the famous 1915’s curved-vessel bottle called the â€Å"contour bottle†, better known to many as the â€Å"hobble skirt† bottle. Though mistakenly designed as cacao pod, the bottle like Coca-Cola logo has been highly popular and is often regarded as the best design ever (â€Å"Coca-cola† 1). The coca-cola trademark was patented through the U.S. patent office in 1888.   Asa G. Candler, a businessman and a druggist in Atlanta who purchased the rights and formed it to a corporation The Coca-cola Company. The introduction of the new beverage into market was through free distribution of coupons for sample taste of Coca-cola. Along with the free glass of the soda were clocks, calendars, apothecary scales, posters and wall murals with coke logos which were utilized as promotional materials and the aggressive endorsement succeeded.   After a decade, businessman from Mississippi named Joseph Biedenharn was the first to put coca-cola in bottles. A group of investors bought the Coca-Cola company for $25 million in the early 1900’s. The son of one of the investors, Robert Woodruff made a great leap in building the logo. Under his leadership, Coca-Cola went from a mostly American drink to the most consumed soft drink in the world. Several successful marketing campaigns to build the logo involved sports: Coca-Cola was introduced to The Netherlands during the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam, and the logo was featured on dog-racing sleds in Canada and on walls of bullfighting arenas in Spain. Woodruff was also responsible for introducing the six-pack. When Woodruff heard that some women in the United States would not purchase Coca-Cola six-packs because they did not have a bottle opener, he sent women door-to-door handing out and installing wall-mounted openers (â€Å"Coca-cola Company† 1). Christmas is highly associated with a remarkable personality in white and red clothing with a grandfatherly look, Santa Claus. Coke impressively built a global image using Santa Claus invading our refrigerator, eating cookies and drinking a can of coke. The creator, Haddon Sundblom started placing illustrations of the coca-cola logo with the legendary Santa Claus during the Christmas of 1930s. The people thought that coca-cola was just for warm weathers so; they came up with another promotion that would remind the consumers that the soda â€Å"Knows no season† and is an excellent choice every month. The said slogan along with the sensation of Santa Claus with a beverage was truly a symbol for winter. The Coca-cola Santa appeared regularly in a magazine entitled The Saturday Evening Post in addition to National Geographic, The New Yorker, Ladies Home Journal and others. For 30 years, Coca-Cola advertising showed Santa delivering (and playing!) with toys, pausing to read a letter and enjoy a Coke, playing with children who stayed up to greet him and raiding the refrigerators at a number of homes. The original oil paintings Sundblom created were adapted for Coca-Cola advertising in magazines, store displays, billboards, posters, calendars and even plush dolls. Many of those items today are popular collectibles (â€Å"Coke Lore† 1).   The advertising success of Coca-Cola Santa Claus celebrated its 76th year last 2007. The era of television advertising for Coca-cola fired up during the period of 1950’s. The DArcy Agency of St. Louis sponsored the initial television ad of coca-cola and produced along with a television special presenting Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. The beverage company and the agency owned by William DArcy strived to implement a marketing approach to meet consumer awareness. The application of television advertising was just a trial medium since television stations were not accessible to most cities. The brilliant D’Arcy merged Coca-cola image into ads to performers in radio programs and television programs such as Walt Disney and The Adventures of Kit Carson. The sponsorship programs were a failure. It did not gain much awareness from the consumers (â€Å"Highlights† 1). The agency closed and the account of Coca-cola was handled by McCann. The Sign of Good Taste and Be really refreshed campaigns roared its way to success. Animation, live-action and stop motion were the advertising formats utilized in both campaigns which presented Connie Francis, Anita Bryant, the Brothers Four and McGuire Sisters as performers. The triumph of television advertising spread for a decade and also incorporated the biggest artists in radio commercials such as Jay and the Americans, the Supremes, the Moody Blues, Jan and Dean, Roy Orbison, and Ray Charles. Presently, coke places sponsorship on famous television programs and contests, such as American Idol, where a giant red cup with Cokes logo on it was placed on the tables of the Paula Abdul, Randy and Simon Cowell. From television advertisements Coke walked its victory in advertising to films. The company tried building Coke’s image in the movies. The comedy movie The Gods must be crazy included a bottle of coke as its main props. Other popular films showcasing coke products were the award-winning science fiction movie E.T. directed by Steven Spielberg showing a refrigerator with coke and also The Paper, Silent Movie, The Mexican, Mean Girls, Maid in Manhattan and a hundred more. Coca Cola advertising has chronicled times and events for more than a century. Favorite Coca Cola images have appeared on thousands of products over the years. Coca-cola continues to its image-making through the creation of collectibles. Products with the Coca Cola logo have become favorite antiques and collectibles for nostalgia collectors. Advertising features rare and collectible original Coca Cola memorabilia from many decades pre-1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s. Classic memorabilia pieces run the gambit from original signs to rare pins; signed artwork to retro trays of the past. Coke memorabilia is very collectible and very hard to find. Antique collectibles are all original licensed and manufactured for The Coca-Cola Companies and now it can not only be purchased in stores but also in websites as well (â€Å"Coca Cola† 1). In the 1990s, Coke made a dramatic change in its Christmas approach from Santa Claus to polar bears. The image-making of Coke in changing the traditional jolly figure of Santa Claus to cute and lovable polar bears was a big achievement. The animated production required the application of advanced computers and graphic programs. Rhythm and Hues together with creator Ken Stewart introduced polar bears as the new symbol of Coke during Christmas season. The Northern Lights commercial was a worldwide hit. The popularity of polar bears continued to be featured in six commercials including the animated animals in the 1994 Olympics. Consumers of top beverage products were highly aware of the so-called â€Å"Cola Wars†. Pepsi the biggest competitor of Coca-cola, started the battle in early 70’s making its way in the Soviet Union. It also annexed with Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and Kentucky Fried Chicken. As a comeback, Coke broadcasted the return of Coke classic and merged with the movie E.T. releasing the propaganda â€Å"Mac and Me†, it was sponsored by the leading fast food chain, McDonalds. Then Coca-cola tried invading North Korea and England. Coca-cola pursued to build its image to politics. Coke created an image as American patriotic drink however the Coca-cola company pushed its image to Germany particularly the Nazis during the war. The term coca-colonization was defined as cultural imperialism of Americans through using Coke as its symbol. In France, wine is considered the ultimate drink, and the country tried to ban the sales of coke for believing that this soft drink tried to alter their wine being the national beverage. Coca-cola continued its image-making by placing itself in the middle of the Cold war. Presently this beverage giant was also a loyal advocate of Israel while Pepsi, its competitor is a steadfast follower of Arab League boycott of Israel. As a result, Coca-cola received an honor from Israel government last 1997 and was bestowed a property to be used as a manufacturing plant, though reports said that it was a stolen Palestinian land. The collaboration with Israel was quite a success since Coca-cola was able to increase its investment through purchasing 51 percent of share in the Tavor winery in Israel, furthering its ambition to have a holding in every sector of the beverages business (â€Å"Boycott† 1). Presently, Coke is into mobile advertising. This beverage giant is one of the pioneers in utilizing mobile media in France. The company invested in creating a mobile Internet website and also launched the Coke+iTunes operation. It is a contest available through the use of text messaging and using the website. It also continues to build its image through online advertising. The company created the website there.com. It is an entertainment interactive site where users can choose an avatar that can go to movie theaters, visit Coca-cola diner, shop and dance. Coke studios and mycoke.com are some of the website that coke uses to build its image. Coca-Cola† is the most universally recognized word on earth after â€Å"OK,† and has come to symbolize the American way of life arguably more than any other product.   The Coca-Cola Company throughout its history has invested millions of dollars to perpetuate the drink’s image as a symbol of all things good, decent, and honest about America—a symbol of tradition, freedom, and democracy.   Coke is seen as more than a drink by its loyal fans. It brings on the nostalgia of better times, simpler times linking America to the rest of the world and looming as large as a symbol of the United States as the Statue of Liberty. People may disagree about the reality of â€Å"coca-colonization† (the term given to describe American cultural imperialism) but what seems to be clear is that Coca-Cola is at the very least seen by many, and has been portrayed by the Company, as an American representative abroad, a symbol of all that is America. Coca-Cola has profited from its image, and was only able to create this image in the first place by entering politics; thus, to claim neutral, a political status to avoid responsibility. Some might believe that such social and ethical responsibility is unrealistic for a company in the business of making money for its shareholders. Yet Coca-Cola has always portrayed itself as so much more than a company just out to make money—surely it owes some respect to this image, the image that enabled it to capture the public’s hearts and minds in the first place (Hutt, 1). Works Cited â€Å"Boycott Israel Campaign.† Inminds. 19 July 2002. Innovative minds. 5 May 2008 http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-coca-cola.html. â€Å"Coca-cola Company.† Reference for business. 2007. Advarneg Inc. 10 May 2008 http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/Coca-Cola-Company.html. â€Å"Coca-cola Logo.† Logoblog. 2008. Logo blog.org. 10 May 2008 http://www.logoblog.org/about_us.php. â€Å"Coca Cola Memorabilia.† 2collectcola. 1 January 2006. Always collectors corner. 5 May 2008 http://www.2collectcola.com/page/ACC/CTGY/M. â€Å"Coke in the movies.† The Coca-cola Company. 31 December 2006. The Coca-cola Company Press center. 6 May 2008 http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/cokelore_inthemovies.html. â€Å"Coke Lore.† The Coca-cola Company. 31 December 2006. The Coca-cola Company Press center. 6 May 2008 http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/cokelore_santa.html. â€Å"Highlights in the history of Coca-cola Television advertising.†   American Memory. 29 November 2000. The library of Congress. 6 May 2008 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colahist.html#darcy. Hutt, Peter. â€Å"The Image and Politics of Coca-Cola: From the Early Years to the Present.† Leda law. 16 April 2001. Harvard law school. 6 May 2008 http://leda.law.harvard.edu/leda/data/398/AlOthman.html. Pendergrast, Mark. For God, Country Coca-Cola: The Definitive History of the World’s Most Popular Soft Drink 8. Orion Business Books, 2000.

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of Time

Most Influential Socialist Thinkers Of Time The philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary, Karl Marx, is without a doubt the most influential socialist thinker to emerge in the 19th century. Although he was largely ignored by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, economic and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement after his death in 1883. Until quite recently almost half the population of the world lived under regimes that claim to be Marxist. This very success, however, has meant that the original ideas of Marx have often been modified and his meanings adapted to a great variety of political circumstances. In addition, the fact that Marx delayed publication of many of his writings meant that is been only recently that scholars had the opportunity to appreciate Marxs intellectual stature. It is difficult to know what effect this would have on his later philosophy, but we do know that Marx would be antithetical to religious belief, at one time pronouncing it, the opiate of the masses After schooling in Trier (1830-35), Marx entered Bonn University to study law. At university he spent much of his time socialising and running up large debts. His father was horrified when he discovered that Karl had been wounded in a duel. Heinrich Marx agreed to pay off his sons debts but insisted that he moved to the more sedate Berlin University. Educated in the best universities in Germany at Bonn, Berlin and Jena, he was greatly influenced by the most prominent scholar of the previous generation, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. As youth turned to middle age, Karl Marxs views became more radical and finally hardened into the body of thought we know today. His journey to this point took him out of Germany where the newspaper he edited, the Rheinische Zeitung, was suppressed by the Government. He moved to Paris in 1843 and later to Brussels in 1845. Marx himself considered his theory of surplus-value his most important contribution to the progress of economic analysis (Marx, letter to Engels of 24 August 1867). It is through this theory that the wide scope of his sociological and historical thought enables him simultaneously to place the capitalist mode of production in his historical context, and to find the root of its inner economic contradictions and its laws of motion in the specific relations of production on which it is based Marx was partial to Hegel and his theories and was influenced by Hegels views that history was a dialectical process. He did not adhere to Hegels spirituality . He was also influenced by Fuerbach, Saint-Simon, Proudhon and Bakunin. While living in Paris, he began to associate with the working clasas for the first time. He began to formulate his thought that revolution was the key to achieving balance between the upper class and the working class. He wrote and spoke on social change through revolution. He believed that there was great energy between proleterians and capitalists. Marx began to appeal to more of the common people during the early depression days. American educatin became aware of soviet education reforms during the 1920s and through George S. Counts who visited Russia and brought their educational system of reform to light in America. But only a mere 10 years later, American educators did not think societ education was good. The theory associated with Marxism was developed in mid-19th century Europe by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Although Marx and Engels did not write widely about education, they developed theoretical perspectives on modern societies that have been used to highlight the social functions of education and their concepts and methods have served to both theorize and criticize education in the reproduction of capitalist societies, and to support projects of alternative education. In this study, I will first briefly sketch the classical perspectives of Marx and Engels, highlighting the place of education in their work. Then, I lay out the way that Marxian perspectives on education were developed in the Frankfurt School critical theory, British cultural studies, and other neo- Marxian and post-Marxian approaches grouped under the label of critical pedagogy, that emerged from the work of Paulo Freire and is now global in scope. I argue that Marxism provides influential and robust perspectives on education, still of use, but that classical Marxism has certain omissions and limitations that contemporary theories of society and education need to overcome. The young Marx and Engels thus perceived that without education the working class was condemned to lives of drudgery and death, but that with education they had a chance to create a better life. In their famous 1848 Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that growing economic crises would throw ever more segments of the middle classes, and the older peasant and artisan classes, into the impoverished situation of the proletariat and would thus produce a unified working class, at least one with interests in common. They declared that the bourgeois class is constantly battling against the older feudal powers, among its own segments, and against the foreign bourgeoisie, and thus enlists the proletariat as its ally. Consequently, the proletariat gains education and experience which it can use to fight the ruling class. The Marxist approach to education is broad constuctivist and emphasises activity, collaboration and critique, rather than passive absorption of knowledge, emulation of elders and conformism; it is student-centred rather than teacher centred, but recognises that education cannot transcend the problems and capabilities of the society in which it is located. The Soviet, Chinese, and other Communist states were at most only partly structured along Marxist classless lines, and while such Communist leaders as Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong staunchly claimed Marxist orthodoxy for their pronouncements, they in fact greatly stretched the doctrine in attempting to mold it to their own uses. The evolution of varied forms of welfare capitalism, the improved condition of workers in industrial societies, and the recent demise of the Communist bloc in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have tended to discredit Marxs dire and deterministic economic predictions. The Soviet and Chinese Communist regimes did not result in the disappearance of the state, but in the erection of huge, monolithic, and largely inefficient state structures. In recent years, many Western intellectuals have championed Marxism and repudiated Communism, objecting to the manner in which the two terms are often used interchangeably. A number have turned to Marxs other writings and explored the present-day value of such Marxist concepts as alienation. Among prominent Western Marxists were the Hungarian philosopher Gyà ¶rgy Lukaisand the Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci, both of whom viewed Marxism as a liberation from the rule of political economy and believed in its relationship to the social consciousness. Marxisms influence can be found in disciplines as diverse as economics, history, art, literary criticism, and sociology. German sociologist Max Weber, Frankfurt school theorists such as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, British economist Joan Robinson, German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, British literary critic Frederic Jameson, and the French historians of the Annales school have all produced work drawn from Marxist perspectiv es.

Analysis Of Tom Sawyers Maturity English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Tom Sawyers Maturity English Literature Essay It will have the effect of making boys think that an unscrupulous scapegrace is sure to turn out a noble man; it might therefore have given more emphasis to truth and straightforwardness. But it is irresistible; fully up to the mark of the Innocents Abroad  [3]   Maturation of the protagonist character namely Thomas Sawyer or favourably known as Tom Sawyer was being emphasized by the author and has become one the themes of the novel.  [4]  Tom Sawyer was being portrayed as a childish character at the commencement. Apart from that, his childish acts were found mostly at the beginning of the story before he indulged himself in the adventures that changed him to be more mature. As the story proceeds, he became a more mature adolescent as claimed by the author himself in the conclusion; It being strictly a history of a boy, it must stop here; the story could not go much farther without becoming a history of a man  [5]   The goodness in Tom arose when he became more mature. 3 major aspects that showed maturation in Tom Sawyer include the adventures that he had with Huckleberry Finn, his relationship with Becky Thatcher and his daily experiences. Nonetheless, does Tom really become a mature adolescent after the adventures that he had with Huckleberry Finn, his relationship with Becky Thatcher and his daily experiences? Although there were a few critics mentioned that after the protagonist character had experienced certain turning points in his life which made him more mature, but the incidents in the story showed that he was merely a boy. In the reviews of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Becky Laney which stated that; Hes trouble, its true, but beneath the surface he is a good boy  [6]  . Although the protagonist character experienced many incidents that portrayed maturity, he was still a young boy at heart. Another criticism by Robert Keith Miller stated that Tom actually did not mature aftermath the turning points in his life. He was still portraying immaturity acts throughout the story. If Tom is hampered as well as harassed, it is because he is incapable of learning from experience. He may be successful at the end of his adventures-in terms of fortune and social status. But he is not a whit the wiser. Although some critics held that The Adventures of Tom Sawyer chronicles Toms progress from childhood to maturity, the evidence suggests otherwise.  [7]   I wanted to find out whether Tom really become a mature adolescent or he was still having childish behaviour throughout the story as being claimed by Robert Keith Miller. Thus, I came up with the research question To what extend Tom was depicted as a mature person in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? in order to investigate did Tom really portray maturity. DEFINATION OF MATURATION Maturity is a psychological term used to indicate that a person responds to the circumstances or environment in an appropriate and adaptive manner. This response is generally learned rather than instinctual, and is not determined by ones age. Maturity also encompasses being aware of the correct time and place to behave and knowing when to act with appropriate emotion for the situation.  [8]   ADVENTURES WITH HUCKLEBERYY FINN The adventures that Tom Sawyer had with Huck include many incidents that showed maturity. One of the maturations that Tom had portrayed included an incident where he realised the importance of justice when he testified at Muff Potters trial. Tom and Huck witnessed Injun Joe murdered Dr. Robinson and ran away. After the incident, Tom and Huck promised each other not to tell anybody but they were shocked when innocent Muff Potter who was drunk that night was being blamed of murdering the young doctor. Tom and Huck visited Muff Potter while he was in jail and from that moment, there was a change in Toms behaviour. Aftermath, he decided to testify during the trial and named Injun Joe as the murderer of Dr. Robinson. Injun Joe was nowhere to be found after that. This incident showed maturity in Tom Sawyer because he started to realise that an innocent person was being accused for something that the person did not do and this was definitely wrong and preposterous. He knew what was right and what was wrong. He wished that Injun Joe was struck by lightning when he was lying. In my opinion, deciding to testify was a brave decision and reflected grace and maturity in him. Since Muff Potter was being such a nice friend to them and he expressed his gratitude to the boys because they came and paid him a visit, guilt overwhelmed them. This chapter was one of the turning points in his life because Tom realised the importance of justice and because of friendship, he had the guts to testify in the trial. Besides, he showed a sense of responsibility when he testified during the trial. Only Tom and Huck witnessed the crime and they were the only hope to reveal the truth in order to save Muff Potter from this mess. However, Tom portrayed immaturity when he had the desire to hunt for treasures, as being mentioned in the book; There comes a time in every rightly constructed boys life when he has raging desire to go somewhere and dig for hidden treasure. This desire suddenly came upon Tom one day.  [9]   Testifying at Muff Potters trial should be the turning point where he became a mature adolescent. But, the desire to hunt for treasures really provokes me to think twice whether the protagonist character portrays maturity. While he was hunting for adventures, he was using a bogus name to represent pirates; the Black Avenger of the Spanish Main. So did his comrades; The Red-handed and the Terror of the seas. Tom Sawyer, the Black Avenger of the Spanish Main. Name your names. Huck Finn the Red-handed and Joe Harper the Terror of the seas. Tom had furnished these titles from his favourite literature.  [10]   Pretending to be someone else especially by pretending to become a pirate does not indicate maturity as pirates could bring bad connotation to ones mind. Pirates steal other peoples belongings, On the other hand, when Tom and Huck stayed close to Injun Joe in order to catch him was also one of the incidents where he showed maturity. He was able to plan how to find Injun Joes hiding place with his best friend, Huck. He was responding to the circumstances and environment in an appropriate and adaptive manner. After Tom named Injun Joe as the murderer, he ran away from the town. While Tom and Huck were hunting for hidden treasures at the old haunted house on Still-House Branch, they accidently met Injun Joe and his companion. He was disguising as a deaf old Spanish man. He wanted to bury a bag filled with over six hundred dollars in silver. Tom and Huck who were hiding in the upper part of the house were delighted to know that their dreams of getting treasures would come true. Things got more interesting when Injun Joe found a box of gold coins before he buried his money. Unfortunately, Injun Joe noticed the pick that he was using had fresh soil; he changed his plan and took t he money and the new found box to his hiding place which he called Number Two. From that moment, Tom and Huck vowed to stay close to Injun Joe, find his hiding place and catch him. Tom and Huck planned how they were going to find Injun Joes hiding place. They went to the tavern and waited at the alley for Injun Joe. While Tom was lost in the cave with Becky Thatcher and was trying to find their way out, he saw Injun Joe in the cave. After Tom found his way out, he told Judge Thatcher that Injun Joe was still inside the dark and gloomy cave. Description of the instances from the book should not be too lengthy. Dont use first person pronoun I find this incident shows maturity in Tom because he is able to plan how to find Injun Joes hiding place with his best friend, Huck. At first, when Tom and Huck knew about the hiding place, they did not seek any help from adults and this was considered very dangerous. They were just young adolescents and did not care about the danger that awaited him. The way they put themselves in those kind of fatal situation did not indicate maturity in Tom and Huck. They felt that they were strong and capable enough of catching Injun Joe on their own. On the other hand, after Tom saw Injun Joe in the cave, he told Judge Thatcher about it. He finally got the adults help in order to catch the culprit. Getting the authoritys help in order to catch a dangerous man was a mature act because this would help to prevent unwanted incident from occurring. Unfortunately, he was still having the desires to hunt for hidden treasures. Tom seemed to resort back to his immature ways, similar to his relapse of chapter twenty-two, where he testified at Muff Potters trial. Even after Judge Thatcher had ordered that nobody was allowed to enter the cave and even after Toms own near-death experience, he returned to McDougals cave with Huck to gather the stash of hidden treasure. Again, I feel both discussions are insufficient. theres something lacking.You probably want to discuss why going back to hunt for treasure is an act of immaturity. Besides staying close to Injun Joe, the incident where Tom ran away to Jacksons Island with his comrades was also one of the incidents which illustrated maturity. Although running away from his problems did not show maturity you shouldnt contradict yourself here. This paragraph should only discuss about his maturity but as he was on that island, he was being able to think properly and some of his actions showed maturity. He realised his mistakes and promised not to repeat the same mistake again; portrayed maturity too. There is a summary analysis dont mention this(there is a summary analysis), you can insert it in your analysis subletywhich stated that by running away to Jacksons Island, Tom had made an attempt to run away from reality  [11]  . But I no i think otherwise. This was because, while he was on that island, he learnt to be independent and listen to his conscience. He cooked his own food; said his own prayers and many more. Before leaving St. Petersburg, Tom stole cold ham as his source of food for that particular day . At night, after saying his prayers, his conscience approached him. Guilt surrounded him. He started to think about his wrong doings which were running away and stealing food. From that moment, Tom swore not to steal in their piracy anymore. Insufficient discussion Nevertheless, he was still running away from reality at the first place. He had problems with Becky why do you mention becky when this is about him and finn? and would like to escape from the problems. Toms mind was made up now. He was gloomy and desperate. He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry Running away from the troubles that one was facing will not fix anything at all. It will make things worse than ever. A mature person will face the challenges that come upon him bravely and will think properly the consequences of the actions taken did he do this?. Tom caused Aunt Polly to worry and cry over his absence without leaving any note. Nonetheless, he did camecome back to leave a note to Aunt Polly after he realised his mistakes.how did he realise his mistakes? Despite that, taking the responsibility to inform the people who care about you and your whereabouts shows responsibility in that person. When he acted this way, I no I feel that he is turning into a young man from a childish person trying to be responsible towards what he had done. When Tom returned home, he saw Aunt Polly and Mrs. Harper were crying and weeping for the lost boys. The boys were thought to be dead after they got drown in the river. A funeral was being planned for them although their bodies were nowhere to be found. Tom felt very guilty and touched when he saw Aunt Polly was crying. He left a note to Aunt Polly while she was sleeping and kissed her. From the dialogue that Aunt Polly had with Mrs. Harper, it was depicted that Tom Sawyer realised how much Aunt Polly loved and cared about him. He returned to the island and informed his comrades about the incident and planned to attend their own funeral. Is this maturity?Whats the discussion/analysis? Apart from that, the way Tom showed his friendship was by being concerned towards Huck and shared the love that he and Joe received. Consequently, these actions portrayed maturity in him. When they attended their own funeral, everyone was shocked. Tom and Joe Harper were greeted with kisses and hugs from their beloved ones but Huck just stood there without knowing what to do. Abased and feeling uncomfortable, Huck did not know what to do or where to hide from the unwelcoming eyes. He had no one. Tom seized him and said, Aunt Polly, it aint fair. Somebodys got to be glad to see Huck.  [12]   Realising that his best friend was lonely, not showered with love from anyone and felt left behind, he came to the rescue. He wanted Huck to feel and share the love that he and Joe Harper were receiving from their loved ones. The friendship that he shared with Huck triggered him to be concerned about how Huck felt towards something. Friendship is one of the greatest gifts from God and in my opinion the way Tom showed his friendship was through being concerned towards Huck and shared the love that he and Joe received illustrates maturity in him.Insufficient.I sont see the strength of this point. HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH BECKY THATCHER Toms relationship with Becky Thatcher had also made him more mature in certain ways. Before this, he was not very serious in his relationship with Amy Lawrence. But when he started having a relationship with Becky, he changed his attitude. After returning/coming back from Jacksons Island, Tom apologized to Becky and asked for her forgiveness. In my opinion, Toms act of pleading for forgiveness was a mature act because he wanted to save his relationship with Becky. He appreciated having Becky as his companion. From the conflicts that he had with Becky, it caused him to realise the importance to appreciate the one that he loved. Before this, Becky was ill and after she recovered, she ignored Tom and this caused Tom to run away from St. Petersburg. After he came back, in his glory, he decided that he could continue his life without Becky and he started to talk with Amy Lawrence, his ex-girlfriend. This caused Becky to be very furious and Tom being such a considerable person asked for Be ckys forgiveness and wanted to patch things up. Although Becky did not accept Toms apology but at least Tom tried to save his relationship with Becky. Apart from that, he realised that making Becky jealous by talking to Amy was not the right way to fix their relationship. He knew that what he did was wrong. Realising his wrong moves, he quickly apologised. It takes a mature person to realise and admit their mistakes .develop this. However, I x I felt that the incident when Becky Thatcher got sick depicted immaturity in Tom Sawyer because he was being very worried towards the one whom he loved but did nothing to help her. He was being very pessimistic about Beckys ailment and thought about death. Although Toms behaviour changed when Becky got ill and stopped attending school, Toms habits changed almost immediately when Becky recovered. Before this, he was far from getting trouble. But, after she recovered, his attitude changed immediately. He was trying to get Beckys attention by showing off. The next instant, he was out and going on like an Indian; yelling, laughing, chasing boys, jumping over the fence at risk of life and limb, throwing handsprings, standing on his head-doing all the heroic things he could conceive of and keeping a furtive eye out, all the while to see if Becky Thatcher was noticing.  [13]   The way the protagonist character demanded for attention from his beloved one was very childish. Discuss more He was running and yelling all over the place. Immaturity was being depicted by Tom when he did that. On the other hand (may not be appropriate), Tom saved Becky from the punishment that she should receive and this definitely illustrated maturity in Tom. After the incident where Tom pleaded for Beckys forgiveness and she refused to forgive Tom, Becky went to the empty school house. She saw Mr. Dobbins had left a key at the drawer lock of his desk. Every day, Mr. Dobbins would take out a mysterious book out of his desk and read it when he did not have any class. Becky, who was feeling very curious, opened the drawer and took out the book. The title of the book was Professor Somebody Anatomy. At that moment, Tom stepped into the classroom startling at Becky. Becky accidentally tore the book down the middle. Realising that she was going to be punished, Becky yelled angrily at Tom. When Mr. Dobbins found out that his book was being torn, he asked each and every child at school. When he asked Becky, she was succumbing and was looking very nervous. Tom who realised that she was going to sa y something suddenly sprang out shouted I did it.  [14]  He admitted that he tore the book although he did not do it. For the sake of saving Becky from the punishment, he rather took the blame. This incident showed maturity in Tom because the way he responded to the situation was very noble. Becky admitted herself that his act was very altruism by saying How could you be so noble?  [15]   In my opinion, he did that that out of love. He was madly in love with Becky to the extent that he was willing to do anything for her. He was willing to take the whippings from Mr. Dobbins in order to save Becky. In spite of that, he knew that Becky would forever owe him. To me, he was being responsible in his own way. He thought by doing that, he would save their relationship. Heroic navigation while Tom and Becky were lost in the cave was also one of the incidents that portrayed maturity in him. Becky and her family returned to town and Beckys mother had invitations out for a picnic for her and her classmates. An event Tom waited for a long time. Her mother was afraid that they would return late that night so she asked Becky to stay at Susy Harpers house who lived near the ferry landing. Tom persuaded Becky to go with him to Widow Douglass place to have some ice-cream instead of going to Susy Harpers. After persuading Becky quite a few times, she finally agreed to go there. He asked Becky to disobey her mothers instructions for his own good. He was being quite selfish when he did that. For the sake of this own good, he asked somebody else to disobey the order that was been given. Thus, this illustrates immaturity in Tom. After wandering in the cave for quite a long time, they realised that they were lost and Tom took charge in order to find their way back . This para is on maturity or otherwise?This can create confusion. I find this incident shows maturity in the main character because he seemed to know what to do and which precautionary steps to be taken in order to get them out of the cave safely. Tom knew their ways, and the danger of this sort of conduct. He seized Beckys hand and hurried her into the first corridor.  [16]   He asked Becky to blow her candle and used his candle to conserve the wick and they shared a piece of cake bit by bit that Tom had in his pocket to avoid starvation. When Becky was tired, Tom asked her to rest and held the kite strings while he went to find a way out. This was to avoid Tom and Becky got separated while Tom was walking. In my opinion, Tom felt that this was his responsibility to cope with the situation and took charge. From a troublemaker and an irresponsible person, Tom turned out to be a responsible young man when he was facing this situation. Worst situation that one is having can bring out the good side of that person. He did not take his punishment correctly and asked somebody else to finish off his job. But now, he became a different young man. While he was searching his way back, he found Injun Joe in the cave. He ran back to Becky using the kite strings that he was holding in order to protect Becky. In my opinion, protecting the one that you love from any kind of danger is a caring and a noble act that a mature person possesses. To me, he also learnt to overcome his fear of Injun Joe while he was in the cave. Starvation was a bigger issue to him rather than Injun Joe. How does starvation come into the picture here? Tom was given credit for his heroic navigation by the critics. Nevertheless, they were lost in the cave at the first place because of Tom. He should be held responsible for their activities in the cave. Since Tom Sawyer was so familiar with the cave, he should not let them lost and always be aware of where they were heading to in the cave. At first, I feel that this incident portrays immaturity in Tom, but after they managed to get themselves out of the cave, I feel that Tom was becoming a more mature person. Please try to organize your ideas and points DAILY EXPERIENCES The act of persuading Huck to continue staying with Widow Douglas was a mature act. This was because, Tom knew that Huck had nobody to take good care of him and he had no rules in life. Staying with Widow Douglas to him was the best choice for his best friend. The connection that Huck and Widow Douglas had dragged him into the society. Huck saved Widow Douglass life from Injun Joe and as a return the widow offered Huck to stay with her. Huck accepted her offer. While staying with her, he needed to wear clean clothes, use proper utensils while eating and go to school just like other boys in town. Huck found that he was not comfortable and convenient in that kind of life and he ran away after three weeks of staying there. He did not have the freedom that he used to have anymore. I find Tom was mature in this situation because he started realising what is the best choice in life and the reasons for it. He was able to distinguish between the good and the bad. The way he persuaded Huck wa s also very unique. He knew about Hucks interests, strengths and weaknesses. The friendship that they shared caused Tom to know more about Huck. In order for Huck to be in Tom Sawyers Gang, Huck needed to be respected. If not, he could not join the gang anymore. That was the condition that Tom set so that Huck would stay with the widow. He wanted to be in the gang so he was willing to stay with the widow as long as he was in the group. Furthermore, the incident where Tom witnessed the murder of Dr. Robinson also showed that Tom really cared for his Aunt Pollys feelings. He was being caring towards the person that he loved. He went out late that night where he witnessed the murder and this caused Aunt Polly to worry about him. Despite all the troubles that he got himself into, he did not have any intention to hurt the old lady. This was worse than a thousand whippings thought Tom as Aunt Polly cried over him  [17]  . He cried and pleaded for forgiveness. There was no doubt of his honesty of asking for forgiveness. Although he loved to indulge himself in troubles he was still good at heart and in my opinion this portrays maturity in him. For all discussions/analysis please make sure that they are not just done briefly. Please expand the points/ideas so that they wont just superficial or on the surface only. The synopsis of the instances in the book shouldnt be too lengthy. CONCLUSION The main character portrays maturity in his act as the story proceeds. He becomes mature in three aspects which include his adventures with Huckleberry Finn, his courtship with Becky and also his daily experiences. There are many incidents in the novel that shows Tom is transforming from a whimsical troublemaker into a mature young man. The experiences that Tom has are developing his character into a much more mature person. However, some of his acts throughout the story still portray immaturity. His maturation is not totally coherent. Yet, he is still transforming into responsible a young man. The conclusion is too short.Synthesise the whole analysis

Should Britain Join The Single Currency? :: essays research papers

The debate has waged for several years now, ever since news of a single European Economic Union came first surfaced nearly fifteen years ago. The idea was simple, and focused on allowing multi-national European countries greater ease, and cost effective benefits when trading between countries. In a sense, the EEC was trying to implement an economic model similar to that of the United States, where amongst all fifty of the states there existed a single currency under a central federal bank that controlled the national interest rate level and other currency issues. Thus trade between the states was eased, promoting companies both with nation-wide interests, and those wishing to build from regional to nation wide platforms. However, since the official launch of the â€Å"Euro† in January of 1999, Britain, along with Sweden and the Dutch population, have chosen to remain isolated from this conglomerate, creating what many term a â€Å"two-speed† European economy. But why d oes the Britain business sector choose to remain isolated from this currency? This essay will attempt to examine both the positive and negative aspects of joining the single currency, while analyzing the forces behind Britain’s involvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what exactly are the benefits of a single currency for Britain’s business sector? First of all, firms that export a lot to other countries within the euro zone don't have to bear the costs of exchanging profits into their home currency anymore. Multinationals also save a lot of money if all their subsidiaries trade in the same currency. Smaller firms suddenly are finding customers in regions they thought they could never be bothered to export to. The disappearance of these transaction costs is bound to boost economic growth, and will make goods cheaper for consumers. And even the weak euro has been a boon for the euro zone, as its exports to the United States and the UK have become more competitive. The Financial Times noted, while the value of the euro has been decreasing, exports have risen from 50 billion euros, to now 75 billion euros annually.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, one currency across Europe increases the urge for companies to do business across the continent. For a start, it is easier to raise the cash to do a deal. Secondly, the fact of the single currency makes it easier to do business in other European countries, encouraging companies already lured by the prospect of boosting their revenues by entering new markets.

Nucor Essay -- essays research papers

Business Summary and Strategy Nucor is the largest steel manufacturer in the United States. It remains a profitable company despite being in one of the most cyclical industries in the economy. Nucor enjoys this success for several reasons, employee relations, quality, productivity, and aggressive pursuit of innovation and technical excellence. Nucor's strategy is that of a low cost provider, they know they are selling a commodity and understand their competitive edge in the industry is lowering prices through innovation and productivity. The company operates primarily in two business areas, steel mills and steel products. Steel Industry Outlook Driving Forces: „Â « Globalization - Low cost foreign manufacturers "dumping" steel in the U.S. and other markets. „Â « Changes in the economy „Â « Changes in currency valuations „Â « Input/raw material prices Key Success Factors: „Â « Technological innovation such as the strip casting technology, investing in technology such as this allows Nucor to take calculated risks to ultimately lower their cost to produce steel subsequently raising margins. They now own the U.S. and Brazil rights to this technology. „Â « Employee relations - Nucor employees are more productive, loyal and Nucor has lower employee cost than competitors. „Â « Global Economic growth - if global and U.S. growth continue, Nucor will continue growth. „Â « Product Quality - Nucor has a reputation for quality products. „Â « Market S...

Although Short, John Updikes a & P Is Big On Enjoyment :: essays research papers

Although Short, John Updike's "A & P" is Big on Enjoyment I enjoy stories that are long and involved. However, the short story "A & P" by John Updike is a wonderful exception to this rule. Updike writes the story from a viewpoint of what I believe to be a younger, more contemporary person. The story contains many other enjoyable attributes, such as the comments about young girls' flesh. I found the story to be a good read and although I typically don't like stories that are short and uninvolved, I was able to gain a lot of enjoyment from this work. The story begins with little-to-no foreshadowing and doesn't enlighten the reader until about half way through the piece. All of the sudden, the reader is cast into an "A & P" grocery store in what I would think to be the late 1950's. Although undocumented, the writer gives details that point to this time period. I didn't think I would enjoy the story because it doesn't provide much background information on anything. However, as I began to read the story I was able to create background information of my own which changed my opinion about the story altogether. I found the work to be enjoyable in other ways as well. I got the impression that the main character was a younger fellow. His comments and actions sounded more immature than mature, so I was able to relate more closely to the work. I found that there were many thought processes that are similar to an adolescent boys, rather than to a more experienced adult. A good example of this can be seen toward the end of paragraph 2 when he gives his interpretation of what happens in a girls mind. He makes a simile to a bee buzzing in a glass jar. A mature person would never make a statement that is so thoughtless. I enjoyed it very much. I'm able to make a few emotional connections to Sammy, the main character, as well.. In the story, there are many clues that point to him as a girl watcher / admirer. I tend to think that all gentlemen at that age and maturity level feel similar ways toward the opposite sex. In the passage, "...you know, the kind of girl the other girls think is very 'striking' and 'attractive' but never quite makes it, as they very well know, which is why they

Rates Of Medication Errors Health And Social Care Essay

The purpose of the research, Rates of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort survey by Fahrenkopf, A M et Al. is clearly stated with clear background to the survey in the â€Å" Introduction † subdivision. The survey aimed â€Å" to find the prevalence of depression and burnout and whether a relation exists between these upsets and medicine mistakes † in pediatric occupants. Although the rates of depression and burnt outs in occupants have been extensively studied but ne'er has these two factors been quantified consistently against medicine mistake rates hence doing this research an original piece of work. The writers did non declare any struggle of involvement that may bias their research methodological analysis or decisions. However, the rubric of the paper is misdirecting as it suggests that it applies to all occupants but the writers are merely concentrating on pediatric occupants. Furthermore hypothesis of this survey was non clear ly presented.What did they make?This primary survey was carried out in the signifier of cohort survey dwelling of two control groups of non-depressed and non-burnt out pediatric occupants from three different infirmaries from mid-May through the terminal of June 2003. However, research workers did non clearly warrant why the survey was conducted merely in these â€Å" three urban freestanding kids ‘s infirmary † and why informations from intensive attention units or ambulatory scenes were non included in the survey. Furthermore, there was a four twelvemonth spread from the clip of research to that of printing this paper in 2008. The consequences derived may non to the full applicable as there may hold been alterations in the environment in which occupants are in which brings about a demand for new research to determine the findings. From the direction of namelessness and confidentiality of occupants ‘ individuality it can be seen that the writers had carried out the survey with strict control. Furthermore, medicine mistake informations extractors used were incognizant of the on-going survey which farther minimizes possible prejudice that may originate during the aggregation of mistakes. However, the writers besides informed the participants â€Å" the lone case in which confidentiality would be brokenaˆÂ ¦if they were an immediate danger to themselves or others – that is, showed self-destructive or murderous ideation † and this poses a possible prejudice where participants may under study if they were of all time in such a state of affairs. Although both the quantitative and qualitative tools used in the survey through the usage of well-established questionnaires matched the survey nonsubjective and was suited for the survey design, the executing of the questionnaires for depression and fire out, in my sentiment, could hold been done better with proper psychiatric rating to minimise any prejudice from the occupants as they may either under study or over report their ain status. The writers besides did non reference when these two questionnaires were completed, the frequence of which they were done by the occupants and how they eventually came to the figure of burned out or down occupants.What did they happen?The survey found that down occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes as opposed to their non-depressed equals while burnt out was found to hold no association with medicine mistake rates. Consequences are by and large clearly reported but with some ambiguity one of the tabular arraies ( Table 2 ) provided. The writer portrayed the informations collected in the signifier of two tabular arraies and to give a diagrammatic representation of their findings, the informations were so set in four saloon graphs showing per centum with P-value. However, information in Table 2 for â€Å" Entire mistakes per occupant, by class † was presented mistakenly as it included site 3 ‘s occupants under nothing mistakes when they did non hold the informations on medicine mistake linked to the participants for that site which may do misunderstanding to readers at first glimpse. The decisions derived can non be generalized to the whole pediatric occupant population even though consequences show that the survey population was valid to fulfill the aim of the survey. The sample size and scene are unequal to claim that the findings represent the whole of pediatric occupants because the survey was merely done in urban freestanding kids ‘s infirmaries and the figure of down occupants were excessively little ( n=24 ) doing the consequences and p-value statistically important but equivocal. Regardless, the research was carried out as intended and the purposes of the paper achieved.So what?Regardless of the statistical significance, the consequences are clinically of import as it highlights the significance of depression in relation to medication mistake rates which may finally take to patient safety concerns. Several reasonable and realistic suggestions for farther research were proposed but they were non elaborated in great inside informations. The writers stated that the more research is required to â€Å" specify better how depression and burnout affect occupants and patient attention in other fortes and to specify better the insouciant relation between depression and mistakes † The writers besides acknowledge their restrictions in great inside informations during in the â€Å" Discussion † session foregrounding that they were clearly cognizant of the jobs within the survey. The survey besides adds usefully to bing cognition as it is the first to quantify the effects of down occupants to the rate of medicine mistakes and had shown that down occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes. However, it should be noted that this survey may non generalizable as it is done merely in three urban free standing kids ‘s infirmary therefore it did non account for the discrepancy in work load in different fortes and vicinity. Bibliography Fahrenkopf, A M et Al. ( 2012 ) .A Ratess of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort study.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/content/336/7642/488. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Trisha Greenhalgh ( 2010 ) .A How to read a paper. 4th erectile dysfunction. Chichester: Wiley. p31-60.Part 2A Report to the Minister of Health of MalaysiaA survey on â€Å" Ratess of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort survey † by Fahrenkopf, A M et Al.A brief sum-up of the survey:This survey is carried in the United States by 9 research workers on 123 pediatric occupants across 3 kids ‘s infirmary to happen out if there is a relationship between depression and burnout to the rates of medicine mistakes. The writers identified down pediatric occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes whereas burnt out has no association to the rate of medicine mistakes.Key messages derived from the survey:High prevalence of burnt outs and depression among pediatric occupantsThe survey found that burnt out affected 75 % of the pediatric occupants and 20 % of the occupants were at high hazard for depression. Of the down occupants, a n dismaying 96 % were besides burnt out.Depressed occupants made more than 6 times more medicine mistakes than their equals.Harmonizing to the survey, â€Å" Depressed occupants in pediatricss made more than six times the mistakes in medicine than their non-depressed co-workers † whereas burnt out had no association to the rates of medicine mistakes made. This calls for concern to patient safety as down occupants may potentially increase the figure of preventable patient mortality.Poor wellness and occupation public presentation evaluationsHealth and occupation public presentation evaluations conducted in the survey showed that both down and burnt out occupants scored significantly poorer. Depressed occupants were significantly more likely to describe their wellness as hapless, working in an impaired status more than twice in the old month and to describe hard concentrating at work. Burn out occupants on the other manus are significantly more likely to describe trouble concen trating on work and being worried that they are depressed.Sleep want may play a function in incidence of medical mistakeHarmonizing to the survey, 47.2 % of all pediatric occupants studied reported to hold made â€Å" important † medical mistake due to kip want. This shows that the deficiency of slumber may impair the opinion of occupants and this call for concerns sing overworked occupants ‘ and their ability to supply quality attention for patients without compromising patient ‘s safety.Deductions of this survey:Bettering working conditionsWith about half the occupants describing that they had made important medical mistake due to kip want, the figure of work hours occupants are made to travel through at any point in clip should be reviewed to guarantee that occupants are able to supply quality attention at no via media to patient safety. As with the Health Facts 2012 released by the Ministry of Health, the current physician to patient ratio is now 1:791. A decr ease in this ratio may help to distribute the work load more equally across the board which will take to a possible decrease in work hours and finally understating the degree of medical mistakes made due to kip want.Regular mental wellness showings for occupantsWith such a high prevalence in depression and fire out amongst occupants, regular mental wellness showing will assist guarantee that occupants who are confronting any signifier of upsets seek intervention early so as to cut down any possible side effects that may impact their ability to execute and at the same clip uphold patient safety so that medicine mistakes may be minimised to a lower limit.Further research on depression and fire out effects on occupants ‘ rate of medicine mistake in MalayaAs the research was conducted in USA, the difference in vicinity and working environment could hold presented a different set of work stressors to the pediatric occupants at that place. A research conducted locally for the occupa nts in Malaysia will assist determine the effects of these upsets and besides assist place the cardinal countries for betterment to understate the incidence of preventable patient mortality caused by down or fire out occupants.

Remember the Titans Essay

In the movie â€Å"Remember the Titans,† there were major racial difficulties between black and white students. This was during a time when the school had just been integrated to allow blacks into the school and the high school football team. These challenges helped the Titans grow as a team and made them more co-operative and successful. The difficulties of a multiracial team were overcome with the assistance of democratic and authoritarian coaching styles, motivational skills, self-fulfilling prophecy, and the perception of the athletes and coaches. Because of these actions, the Titans were able to defeat the challenges they were faced with as a team and come out superior. The authoritarian coaching style, demonstrated mostly by coach Boon, helped the team become more cohesive and strong. He believed in perfection, pushing his athletes to the limit, and being in control. During practices, if an athlete made a mistake they would have to run laps as a punishment. Sometimes during games, it seemed like all he cared about was winning. On one occasion, coach Yoast decided to show this style of coaching by getting angry at a referee for making unfair calls on their team. Authoritarian coaching styles encourage control but can be very effective when trying to coach a large team or complete tasks. Another coaching style, which the assistant coach Yoast tended to use, was democratic. He noticed that coach Boon was being extremely rough on the football players and told him that some athletes do not respond well to humiliation and put-downs. This shows that coach Yoast was concerned about the well-being of his athletes, not just their success. On the last game of the season, coach Boon decided to have a more democratic view of coaching. He told the team to â€Å"try their best† instead of demanding perfection. This is a friendlier approach but it seems that he has almost given up all hope of winning by saying what he did. Democratic coaching styles made the athletes feel useful and motivated to do their best, but sometimes they can encourage lower levels of aggression when used in the wrong way. The athletes, coaches and the team itself, helped motivate the Titans for games and practices. Coach Boon used threats and reprimands in an attempt to  get the athletes to get along with each other. This did not work effectively since the athletes did not like him very much, so they were not motivated to listen. Threats benefit the athletes when they trust and respect the coach. The coaches pumped-up the team before the game by prep-talking the athletes with lots of positive comments. The body language and optimism of the coaches motivated the team to try their hardest. The Titans performed a unique entrance and warm-up, in order to intimidate the opposing teams and to motivate them for the game. This also lowered the athletes’ levels of anxiety and helped them get to a good state of arousal. As you can see, all types of motivation are important when a team is trying to overcome a obstacle. A psychological key in team success or defeat is self-fulfilling prophecy. This occurs when a coach focuses on positive or negative aspects of an athlete and the athlete ends up believing it is the truth. A prime example of this was Petey; he was a learned helplessness athlete who did not respond well to negative remarks about himself. Coach Boon always picked on his weaknesses and put him down for not being perfect. Petey believed everything coach Boon said until coach Yoast took him aside, gave him positive compliments, and told him to play defense for him in a game. Petey ended up improving in his performance and felt better about himself afterwards. This shows that some athletes respond differently to certain actions and it affects the team’s co-cooperativeness. It is important to have many views on a situation to come up with the best answer. The perception of the athletes and coaches helped in the success and encouragement of the team. At football camp, in order to try to make the team members get along, coach Boon took the team to Gettysburg to teach them about the war between the blacks and whites. Instead of the threats and many long practices, this made the athletes realize that the situation was not worth being angry at each other and they began to work more cohesively as a team. When coach Boon looked at the situation in a different way, he came out with a desired result. Another example was both coaches used each of their views on game plays to come up with the master game plans. By working together and combining both perceptions, the game plans were deeply thought  out and worked well. Experimenting with alternative perceptions and helping others look at situations in other ways improved the team’s cohesiveness on and off the field. In conclusion, many factors work together to assist in overcoming challenges. These difficulties helped the Titans grow as a team and made them more co-operative and successful. In this case, democratic and authoritarian coaching styles, motivational skills, self-fulfilling prophecy, and the perception of the athletes and coaches helped to solve the racial conflicts of a high school football team. Not only did the problem get resolved, but the Titans were victorious in the end.

Symbolism and Imagery in Lord of the Flies

Lord of the Flies Symbolism and Imagery Throughout everyday life people use certain symbols, or images, to relate their feelings and unconscious thoughts to something more tangible and concrete. To a young child, a special blanket might provide them with a sense of security and comfort; furthermore, said blanket may include the ability to calm the child in a state of distress. Someone who had recently lost a loved one, might use objects that contain a degree of sentimental value in order to better hold onto the memories of the lost relationship.The symbol of the maple leaf, to Canadians, represents a sense of belonging and acceptance, a sense of pride and loyalty to a society and culture unique to that of Canada. In his novel Lord of the Flies, Golding provides his audience with endless amounts of symbolism and imagery. Some of the more prominent ones demonstrated in his novel include that of the Conch; representing order and democracy, the Fire; representing hope and rescue, and las tly, but possibly most importantly, that of the Beast; representing Fear and uncertainty.As the novel progresses and evolves, so too, do the symbols of the conch, fire, and beast. Through the use of his symbols, Golding challenges his audience’s pre-societal-conceived views, provides an overall commentary about the devolvement of mankind, and emphasizes his grander ideas about humanity and the mounting savagery that exists on the island. In the earliest stages of the novel, the symbol of the conch holds an inexplicably awe-inspiring compulsion over the boys. Piggy, being the first to point it out among the creepers, is amazed by its beauty and intricacies.Described as â€Å"glistening† and â€Å"delicate† the conch demands attention, not only in description but as well as sound. â€Å"Gosh! † Ralph had whispered in a sense of wonder following the initial sounding of the booming horn. As the children gather from all corners of the island they are immediate ly drawn to Ralph; â€Å"But there was stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, his appearance, and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. †(Golding 19). Through electing Ralph as their chosen leader, the boys make the unconscious decision of emocracy, clinging to their traditions of society and, in turn, their civility and, what could arguably be, their inner â€Å"goodness. † As one of his first roles as Chief, Ralph establishes what is known as the â€Å"Rule of the Conch†: if one wishes to speak, they must hold the conch and cannot be interrupted, except by Ralph thus creating a divide between himself and the average individual of the island civilization- Sufficiently furthering the theory that the conch stands for democratic rule and society.After all, what is society other than rules and regulations made by those in a position of authority meant for the common man to fallow? As the concept of time, both na tural (day and night) and well as artistic (plot development), progresses the conch’s power, and, in turn, Ralphs’, start to diminish. Jacks presence and the evil he represents grow increasingly more powerful and dominant; â€Å"Jack broke in, contemptuously. ‘You’re always scared’ ‘I got the conch. ’ ‘Conch! Conch! Shouted Jack, ‘We don’t need the conch anymore. †(Golding, 37) indicates that the power of democratic society is crumbling under the weight of the growing savagery on the island. Jack begins to outwardly and publicly undermine and oppose Ralph, the rule of the conch and, more largely, society and civility itself. He speaks out of turn, accuses Ralph of being a coward and takes over leadership on multiple occasions; demonstrated in their hunt for the Beast in chapters six and seven- Jack continuously takes the lead while Ralph strays behind to ponder inwardly and with Simon. The conch’s symbol ic meaning depends on the state of the children’s minds. Once power becomes more real to Jack than rules, the conch is meaningless. † (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor, 7) illustrates that there is no real, physical power to the conch; it is simply a shell- that power is in what society, and individuals within society, allow it to be. In chapter eleven, Castle Rock, Piggy is brutally murdered by Roger while clinging desperately to the conch in his last stand against Jack, his tribe, and, ultimately, barbarity. The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. † (Golding, 200) through the destruction of the conch in such a violent manner Golding extinguishes any lingering hope for Ralph and civility. The audience experiences a complete and utter sense of loss and hopelessness at this point, they mourn not only for the death of Piggy but the realization that their pre-conceived optimistic views on society have been challenged and finally shattered; both literally and metaphorically. The shell, whose sound began as a summons to society, ends as a murderous explosion on the rocks† (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor, 4) adequately demonstrating that society, like humanity is ultimately flawed, and will collapse when confronted with an opposing force of darkness or even the slightest hint of a barbaric nature and tendency. The symbol of the fire is similar to that of the conch in the respect that it develops thoughout the course of the novel, but differs in the fact that it does not so much devolve, but rather changes shape and takes on two meanings.The fire in fact, becomes a â€Å"double-edged† sword. When one is asked; â€Å"what are the first three things you would do if stranded on an island? † Most would reply with; â€Å"find food, water, and shelter, of course. † Ralphs main priority on the island, after his adventurous exploration with Jack and Simo n, is to be rescued. In the beginning he is dead set on the notion that sooner or later a ship will come by the island and when it does, that the â€Å"grown-ups† will coincidentally pass by, he wants to be ready; â€Å"We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us.So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. †(Golding, 37) indicates that the boys, and Ralph in particular, are mainly focused and devoted to the concept of rescue. All the children go charging up the mountain in eager abandonment to create a fire in the hope that it will increase their chances of salvage; suitably emphasizing the remaining touches of society present within the boys and on the island. Once the fire is made and lit, through the use of Piggy’s glasses, the boys quickly realize that if not controlled and kept in check, the fire can become rapidly dark and dangerous. On ones side the air was cool, but on the other the fire thru st out a savage arm of heat that crinkled hair on the instant† (Golding, 41) through the use of imagery Golding depicts the fire as something â€Å"savage† and threatening, effectively foreshadowing the boys’ barbaric decline. The destructiveness of the fire could also be used as a symbol to parallel the outside world’s perils of atomic warfare; â€Å"A tree exploded in the fire like a bomb. † (47) The loss and assumed death of the boy with the mulberry mark parallels the deaths of thousands of innocent bystanders at the mercy of manmade creations i. e. the fire and the atomic bomb. The chaos and destruction that the fire evolves into corresponds with that of the uncontrolled mass chaos that is warfare. The vigorous importance with which Ralph views the fire becomes the bone of contention that eventually drives him and Jack apart. While Ralph holds steadfast to the importance of the fire , Jack, and most of the other boys, abandon it and allot all t heir time and energy to hunting, regressing into their base instincts of savagery, emphasizing Golding’s theory about humanity that, if given the choice, man will always choose to resort to their barbaric nature.Ironically, by the end of the novel, Ralph is driven from hiding and hunted through the use of the fire. Jacks tribe sets an all-consuming raging fire that envelops the island and destroys all life within it; â€Å"meant as a signal fire for passing ships of planes it becomes, though misuse, a wild beast with a life of its own which invades the whole place†¦ What happens accidentally in the second chapter is done deliberately at the end by the boys turned savages. † (Delbaere-Grant, 78). Golding illustrates the boys making the conscious and all too thought out decision to resort to this act of barbarism.And only through said acts, were they able to achieve a smoke signal large enough to attract the attention of a passing ship; â€Å"We saw your smoke. Wha t have you been doing? Having a war or something? † (Golding, 223) Ralph replies with a sincere nod of the head, but the naval officer continues to treat it all as a joke. The officers’ naivety and complete lack of seriousness pertaining to the events taken place on the island is a symbolic reference to mankind as a whole and it’s propensity for violent ignorance.He could not see that the events taken place on the island were a direct reenactment of the war he himself had participated in and an example that even the most â€Å"civilized† of men are capable of the horrors of murder. No one of Golding’s symbols is more prominently demonstrated than that of the Beast, he allots multiple chapters in the novel to the concept of the Beast. In the first stages of its evolution, there is much speculation as to what the beast actually is. The children contemplate that the â€Å"Beastie† is a â€Å"snake-thing† which then evolves to the imaginar y form a ghost and then to that of a children’s-fable concept of the squid.They use their imaginations to justify and explain the fear and uncertainty that is becoming predominately present with the ever evolving concept of â€Å"the Beast. † Like children anywhere they experience nightmares and illusions about the Beast; they take the unknown component of its existence and turn into something more relatable in order to justify their fear. â€Å"The thing is- Fear can’t hurt you anymore than a dream. There aren’t any beasts to be afraid of on this island. †(88) at this point in the novel all the evidence pertaining to that of the beast is based on imagination and fear. There is no physical manifestation of the beast.Simon is the only who begins to speculate that â€Å"maybe it’s just us† In chapter six, Beast form Air, a dead parachutist falls from the sky to land on the top of the mountain where Samneric are maintaining the fire. Due to the fear already instilled in them by the groups’ speculations of the beast, they immediately become frightened and run away. This physical manifestation and the illustration that it is, indeed, human, greatly contributes to Golding’s intentions regarding the Beast; â€Å" The tangle of lines showed him the mechanics of this parody; he examined the white nasal bones, the teeth, the colors of corruption† (162).The figure that had fallen from the sky, thought to be the beast, is human and, ironically, Beast all in once- furthering Golding’s overall proposition that within all mankind, there holds the innate capacity and propensity towards evil and our own, personal, inner beast. In addition, the manner in which the parachutist is introduced, through the act of falling, is a theme that repeatedly occurs throughout the novel both literally; the planes fall from the sky after it is shot down and Piggy’s fall to his death on the rock protruding from the sea, and metaphorically; the fall of mankind.The fall of the parachutist parallels that of the fall of Lucifer which, discussed in Dantes inferno, is â€Å"neither angelic nor demonic, but profoundly a human reality. † The fall of Lucifer, which theologists describe as the fall from grace, and, in turn, a loss of civility is the result of hubris, otherwise known as excessive pride. The boys, and most in particular, Jack demonstrate pride in the way they view their new society in the beginning.The boys’ view that they are â€Å"proper English boys† and somehow superiorly unflawed, leads to the ultimate downfall of their humanity and lead them straight into the grasp of their barbaric roots. At a key point in chapter nine, A Gift for Darkness, Simon speaks to the lord of the flies, but rather his inner beast; â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m apart of you! Close, close, close! †(158) confirms what he had been thinking all along, that the bea st is something that dwells within, there is no externalization of a beast, simply the evils we see within ourselves and our companions.Through Simon and his foreboding chat with the pig head, Golding demonstrates most sufficiently and prominently the nature of mankind, and externalizes the inner conflict that humanity is sure to face, pertaining to the certain devolvement they face when left to their own devices, stripped of societal law. Golding also states in contrast that the beast is both â€Å"harmless and horrible† (162) meaning that unless confronted and accepted it will take siege.The boys, in their persistent and vigorous denial of fact that â€Å"maybe it’s just us† give fuel to the ever-growing and present fire that is the beast. By fighting so hard to deny their inner beasts the boy unconsciously become beasts themselves; â€Å"Their defense against an imagined external beast allows the beast within them to gain absolute and transform them into mur ders† (Boyd, 16). As the Beast changes and evolves, gaining speed and momentum, the boys’ civil nature diminishes, allowing them to commit terrible and unimaginable horrors ill thought of by society.By regarding the Beast as God-like, offering a ritualistic sacrifice, the boys completely give in to their base instincts and tendencies for barbarism and savagery. They become awed by the power of the Beast and the possibilities it withholds. By the end of his novel, Lord of the Flies, and through his careful use of symbolism and imagery, Golding challenges his audiences view on society, thoroughly and sufficiently enforcing his comments about to the issues pertaining to the devolvement of mankind.He methodically emphasizes his theories regarding humanity and the increasing savagery that exists on the island. Golding demonstrates the conch’s transformation from order and democracy to that of chaos and dictatorship. The symbol of the fire goes from that of hope and re scue to that of danger and destruction. The Beast, on the other hand, transforms symbolically from that of fear and uncertainty to awe and reverence.Through closer observation of Golding’s uses of symbolism and imagery, no matter how diverse and complex the said symbol may be, there is always a reoccurring theme and connection present; savagery. Every path of every symbol leads back to one root, one destination; the savagery in which the boys ultimately resort to on the island, as well as the common link they all have regarding the outside â€Å"real† world. Golding’s symbols do an exceptional job in helping his audience grasp the larger picture that is his novel; mankind’s certain devolvement into savagery.Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1954. Print Boyd, S. J. â€Å"The Nature of the Beast† The Novels of William Golding. Sussex, UK. University of St Andrew Press. 1988. Delbaere-Grant, Jeanne. â₠¬Å"Rhythm and Expansion in Lord of the Flies† William Golding: Some Critical Considerations. Ed. Jack Biles & Robert Evask. University of Kentucky Press. Lexington, 1975. Print. Kinkead-Weekes, Mark. Gregor, Ian. William Golding: A Critical Study of the Novels. Faber and Faber Press, 1984. Print.